What is diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by an increase in the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This is due to a lack of insulin in the body or a decreased sensitivity to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body absorb glucose from food and liver reserves. Glucose is the main source of energy that the body needs for daily activities. Without enough insulin, blood glucose levels rise, and this is measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/l). A normal fasting blood glucose level is not more than 6.1 mmol/l, and it should not exceed 7.8 mmol/l 2 hours after a meal.

There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin. This accounts for up to 10% of all cases and typically develops in childhood or young adulthood. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes occurs when the body produces insulin but not enough, or the cells in the body become resistant to insulin. This accounts for more than 90% of cases and usually tends to develop gradually.

Factors that contribute to type 2 diabetes include heredity, age (usually above 40), and being overweight. Sensitivity to insulin can be improved by reducing weight and increasing physical activity. Gestational diabetes is another rare type that can develop during pregnancy.

Symptoms of diabetes include intense thirst, increased urination, weakness, fatigue, poor wound healing, weight loss, skin itching, blurred vision, and increased appetite. People who have relatives with diabetes or who had diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk. It is important to get regular check-ups to detect and manage diabetes.